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Q FAQs About the Connection & Interaction of Home Energy Storage Systems (Battery, Inverter, Solar Panels, Mains Power）

How are solar panels, the energy storage battery, inverter, and mains power connected in a home system? What’s the core "link" between them?
The inverter acts as the core link. Solar panels first send the DC power they generate to the inverter; the inverter converts this DC power into AC power (matching home electricity standards). From here, the AC power has three paths: 1) Directly power home appliances. 2) Charge the energy storage battery (via the inverter’s built-in charging module). 3) Feed excess power into the mains grid (if grid-connected). When solar power is insufficient (e.g., at night), the inverter can also draw power from the battery or mains to supply home use—ensuring a stable power source.
When solar panels generate more power than home appliances need, what happens to the extra electricity? Will it be wasted?
No, it won’t be wasted. The system automatically distributes the extra power in two main ways (depending on setup): 1) Priority charging the energy storage battery—storing the excess for later use (e.g., night or cloudy days). 2) If the battery is fully charged, the extra power is fed into the mains grid (for grid-connected systems). Many regions offer "feed-in tariffs" where you can earn money by selling this excess power to the grid. Only in off-grid systems (not connected to mains) will the inverter cut off solar input temporarily if the battery is full—avoiding overcharging.
On cloudy days or at night when solar panels don’t generate enough power, how does the system ensure my home has electricity?
The system switches power sources automatically without manual operation. At night or on cloudy days: 1) The inverter first uses power stored in the energy storage battery to supply home appliances. 2) When the battery’s charge drops to a low level (usually 10%–20% of capacity), the inverter seamlessly switches to drawing power from the mains grid—ensuring no interruption to home electricity use. Some advanced systems also let you set priorities (e.g., "use battery first to save grid electricity costs").
What role does the energy storage battery play when there’s a mains power outage? Can it keep my home running?
It acts as a backup power source. When the mains grid fails, the inverter detects the outage in milliseconds and quickly disconnects from the grid (to avoid endangering repair workers). It then switches to using the battery’s stored power to supply critical home loads (e.g., lights, refrigerators, routers—depending on system design). Note: The backup runtime depends on the battery’s capacity and your power usage. For example, a 10kWh battery can power essential appliances (about 500W total) for roughly 20 hours.
Why does the system need an inverter? Can’t solar panels or the battery power home appliances directly?
No—because solar panels and batteries output DC (direct current) power, but most home appliances (e.g., TVs, fridges, air conditioners) run on AC (alternating current) power. The inverter’s key job is to convert DC power (from solar panels or batteries) into AC power that matches the voltage and frequency of home electricity. Additionally, the inverter manages power flow between all components (solar, battery, mains) and protects the system from issues like overvoltage or short circuits—making it indispensable.
Will the home energy storage system affect the normal use of the mains grid? For example, will it cause voltage fluctuations?
No, it won’t. Standard home energy storage systems (especially grid-connected ones) are equipped with grid-tie inverters that comply with local grid standards. These inverters constantly monitor the grid’s voltage and frequency, and adjust the system’s output to match—ensuring no voltage fluctuations or instability. When the grid’s voltage/frequency is abnormal, the inverter will also automatically disconnect from the grid to protect both the system and the grid. In short, the system works in sync with the mains and won’t disrupt its normal operation.

Q Basic FAQs About LFP Prismatic Aluminum-Cased Cells

What does "LFP" stand for in LFP prismatic aluminum-cased cells, and what’s the key feature of this material?

"LFP" stands for Lithium Iron Phosphate, the core cathode material of the cell. Its biggest feature is excellent safety—unlike ternary lithium materials, LFP is highly resistant to thermal runaway. It rarely catches fire or explodes even when exposed to high temperatures, physical impact, or overcharging, making it a top choice for scenarios where safety is a priority.
Why are LFP prismatic cells often housed in aluminum cases? What advantages do aluminum cases offer?

Aluminum cases are used mainly for three reasons. First, aluminum is lightweight, which helps control the overall weight of the battery pack (critical for applications like electric vehicles). Second, it has good thermal conductivity, allowing heat generated by the cell to dissipate quickly and maintain stable performance. Third, aluminum cases are structurally rigid, protecting the internal cell components from external 挤压 (squeezing) or deformation.
What does "prismatic" mean for LFP cells, and how is it different from cylindrical cells?

"Prismatic" describes the cell’s flat, rectangular shape (like a thin brick), which is different from the round shape of cylindrical cells. This design makes prismatic cells easier to stack and arrange tightly in battery packs—they fit better into limited or irregular spaces (such as the chassis of electric cars or the cabinet of home energy storage systems) and maximize space utilization, unlike cylindrical cells that leave gaps between rounds.
Do LFP prismatic aluminum-cased cells have a memory effect? How to charge them to extend their lifespan?

They have almost no memory effect, so you don’t need to fully discharge them before charging. To extend lifespan, avoid two extremes: don’t let the cell’s power drop below 10% (deep discharge damages cells) and don’t keep it fully charged (100%) for a long time (e.g., leaving it plugged in for days). The best practice is to charge to 80%–90% for daily use and only charge to 100% when long runtime is needed.
What’s the typical lifespan of LFP prismatic aluminum-cased cells? How to judge when they need replacement?

Their lifespan is relatively long, usually reaching 1,000–3,000 charge-discharge cycles (one cycle = full charge + full discharge). For scenarios like home energy storage (used 1–2 cycles per day), this can translate to 5–8 years of service. You need to replace them when: the actual capacity drops to less than 70% of the original (e.g., a 100Ah cell only holds 65Ah), the charging speed becomes significantly slower, or the cell case swells (a sign of internal damage).
Can LFP prismatic aluminum-cased cells be used in home energy storage systems? What makes them suitable?

Absolutely—they are one of the most commonly used cells for home energy storage. Three factors make them suitable: first, their high safety avoids fire risks in home environments; second, their long lifespan means you won’t need to replace the cells frequently (reducing long-term costs); third, their prismatic shape fits well into compact home energy storage cabinets, saving installation space.
How should LFP prismatic aluminum-cased cells be stored if not used for a long time?

Store them in a cool, dry place with a temperature between 10℃–25℃ (avoid direct sunlight, heaters, or damp areas). Before storage, charge the cells to 40%–60% of their rated capacity—this state prevents "over-discharging" (which can permanently damage cells) and "over-charging" (which causes capacity loss). Check the cell voltage every 3–6 months and recharge to 40%–60% if it drops below 3.0V.
Are LFP prismatic aluminum-cased cells recyclable? How to dispose of them properly?

Yes, they are recyclable. Never throw them into regular household trash—this can pollute the environment (LFP contains heavy metals if not handled properly) or cause safety hazards. Instead, send them to designated e-waste recycling centers or contact battery manufacturers (many offer take-back programs). Recyclers will extract valuable materials like lithium and iron from the cells, which can be reused to make new batteries.

Q Common-Sense FAQs About Ternary Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Batteries

What exactly are "ternary materials" in ternary cylindrical lithium-ion batteries, and why are they used?

The "ternary" refers to three key metal elements in the battery’s cathode: nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and manganese (or aluminum, Mn/Al). These materials are combined to balance performance—nickel boosts energy density (for longer runtime), cobalt enhances stability, and manganese/aluminum reduces costs and improves safety. This mix makes the battery suitable for scenarios needing high energy and reliable operation, like consumer electronics or electric tools.
Are ternary cylindrical lithium-ion batteries the same as the ones used in everyday devices like laptops or electric toothbrushes?

Often, yes. Many laptops, electric toothbrushes, and even some e-bikes use small-capacity ternary cylindrical batteries (e.g., 18650 or 21700 models). The core technology is consistent—only the number of cells and module design differ to match the device’s power needs (e.g., a laptop uses multiple cells in series, while a toothbrush uses one or two).
Why do ternary cylindrical lithium-ion batteries have standard sizes (like 18650, 21700)? What do these numbers mean?

Standard sizes are designed for mass production and easy assembly. The numbers represent the battery’s dimensions: the first two digits are the diameter (in mm), and the last three are the height (in mm). For example, 18650 means 18mm in diameter and 65mm in height; 21700 means 21mm in diameter and 70mm in height. Standardization helps manufacturers reduce costs and ensures compatibility across devices.
Do ternary cylindrical lithium-ion batteries have a "memory effect"? Do I need to fully discharge them before charging?

No, they have almost no memory effect. Unlike older nickel-cadmium batteries, you don’t need to fully discharge them before charging. In fact, frequent deep discharges (draining to 0%) can shorten their lifespan. It’s better to charge them when the power drops to 20%–30% and stop charging at 80%–90% for daily use—this balances runtime and battery longevity.
How should I store ternary cylindrical lithium-ion batteries if I won’t use them for a long time?

Store them in a cool, dry place (ideally 10℃–25℃, away from direct sunlight or heat sources). Before storage, charge the battery to 40%–60% of its capacity—this prevents over-discharging (which damages cells) or overcharging (which causes capacity loss). Avoid storing them in fully charged or fully discharged states for more than 1 month.
Are ternary cylindrical lithium-ion batteries safe? What should I avoid to prevent risks like overheating?

They are safe when used correctly, but avoid these risks:

Using non-original chargers (mismatched voltage/current can cause overcharging).
Exposing them to extreme temperatures (above 60℃ or below -20℃, which damages cells).
Physical damage (dropping, squeezing, or puncturing the battery—this can trigger short circuits and overheating).
Mixing old and new batteries in the same device (uneven performance may cause overloading).

How long do ternary cylindrical lithium-ion batteries usually last? When should I replace them?

Their lifespan depends on usage frequency, typically 300–500 charge-discharge cycles (a cycle = full charge + full discharge). For daily use (e.g., a phone battery), this translates to about 1–2 years. You should replace them when:

The battery’s runtime drops to less than 50% of its original capacity (e.g., a laptop that once lasted 8 hours now only lasts 3).
It charges slowly or gets unusually hot during charging.
It swells (a sign of internal cell damage—stop using it immediately).

Can ternary cylindrical lithium-ion batteries be recycled? How are they properly disposed of?

Yes, they can be recycled. Do not throw them in regular trash—this risks environmental pollution or fire. Instead, take them to designated recycling points (e.g., electronic waste collection centers, brand stores with recycling programs). Recyclers extract valuable metals (like nickel and cobalt) from the cells, which are reused to make new batteries, reducing resource waste.
Why are ternary cylindrical lithium-ion batteries not commonly used in large electric vehicles (EVs) anymore?

While some entry-level EVs still use them, many mainstream EVs now prefer prismatic or pouch ternary batteries. This is because:

Cylindrical batteries require more space for casings and connections, making it harder to maximize energy density in EV battery packs.
Prismatic/pouch designs are easier to customize into large, flat packs that fit EV chassis, improving space efficiency.
However, cylindrical batteries still excel in small EVs (e.g., electric scooters) or devices needing modularity.

What’s the difference between ternary cylindrical lithium-ion batteries and lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cylindrical batteries?

The main difference is the cathode material:

Ternary batteries use Ni-Co-Mn/Al cathodes—they have higher energy density (longer runtime) but are slightly less stable at high temperatures.
LFP batteries use lithium iron phosphate cathodes—they have lower energy density but better safety (resistant to overheating/explosion) and a longer lifespan (1000+ cycles).
Ternary cylindrical batteries are better for devices needing portability (e.g., cameras), while LFP cylindrical batteries suit scenarios prioritizing safety (e.g., small home backup power).

Q Regarding the basic information of the company and its main business operations

What types of lithium battery packs does EMB specialize in?
EMB focuses on custom lithium battery packs for home energy storage, electric motorcycles, and starter batteries. Our solutions are tailored to diverse power needs, from small-scale residential storage to industrial-grade backup systems.
How does EMB ensure the safety of its battery products?
Safety is our priority. All products undergo rigorous testing and hold global certifications (UN38.3, CE, UL, etc.). We integrate intelligent BMS (Battery Management Systems) to monitor temperature, voltage, and current, preventing overcharging/discharging and ensuring stable operation even in extreme conditions.
What is the typical lifespan of EMB’s energy storage systems?
Our energy storage systems are designed for durability, with a cycle life of over 3,000 charge-discharge cycles (equivalent to 8-10 years of regular use). With proper maintenance, they can deliver reliable performance for even longer, aligning with our "lifelong benefit" commitment.
Can EMB’s energy storage systems integrate with renewable energy sources like solar panels?
Yes. Our systems are fully compatible with solar PV, wind, and other renewable sources. They optimize energy usage through peak-shaving/valley-filling, maximizing self-consumption of clean energy and reducing grid dependency.
What is the payback period for EMB’s energy storage solutions?
Payback periods vary by application and scale, but our systems typically achieve ROI within 3-5 years. For example, our UK farm client expects a 3-year payback through reduced electricity costs and efficient energy management.
Does EMB offer OEM/ODM services?
Absolutely. We provide both OEM (manufacturing to client designs) and ODM (end-to-end custom solutions) services, from R&D and design to production, ensuring products meet specific performance, size, and branding requirements for global markets.
How does EMB stay ahead in battery technology?
We invest 23% of annual revenue in R&D, focusing on innovations like fast charging (80% in 30 mins), low-temperature adaptability (-20℃ operation), and advanced BMS. Our patent portfolio (30+ in structure and performance) drives continuous improvements in energy density, safety, and cost efficiency.

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